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Journal Publications

Publication Year:  2008
+ Breakdown Delay Times for Subnanosecond Gas Discharges at Pressures Below One Atmosphere
  J.E. Chaparro, W. Justis, H.G. Krompholz, L.L. Hatfield, A. A. Neuber, Breakdown Delay Times for Subnanosecond Gas Discharges at Pressures Below One Atmosphere, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 2505 - 2511 (2008).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Compact Electro-Explosive Fuses for Explosive Driven Pulsed Power
  D. R. McCauley, D. W. Belt, J. J. Mankowski, J. C. Dickens, A. A. Neuber, and M. Kristiansen, "Compact Electro-Explosive Fuses for Explosive Driven Pulsed Power", to appear in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2008)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Compact High Power Microwave Generation
  Neuber, A. Young, M. Elsayed, J. Dickens, M. Giesselmann, M. Kristiansen, L. Altgilbers, Compact High Power Microwave Generation, Proceedings of the 2008 Army Science Conference, Orlando Florida, December 1-4, 2008. Presenter, P3E team contribution, paper was invited by L. Altgilbers.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Compact HV-Capacitor Charger, Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference
  Giesselmann, Michael; Vollmer, Travis; Lara, Matt; Mayes, Jon, Compact HV-Capacitor Charger, Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 27-31, 2008, Page(s):238 – 241. Lead author, main contributor, refereed Conference.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Compact HV-DC Power Supply
  Giesselmann, Michael; Vollmer, Travis; Edwards, Ryan; Roettger, Thomas; Walavalkar, Madhav, Compact HV-DC Power Supply, Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Power Modulator Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 27-31, 2008, Page(s):242 245. Lead author, main contributor, refereed Conference.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Effects of UV Illumination on Surface Flashover under Pulsed Excitation
  J. T. Krile, A. A. Neuber, H. G. Krompholz, "Effects of UV Illumination on Surface Flashover under Pulsed Excitation", to appear in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2008)
Abstract:  Undesirable surface flashover of high voltage support structures can severely limit the compactness of open air high voltage systems. Only recently, increased effort has been invested in characterizing and quantifying the physical processes involved in surface flashover occurring under atmospheric conditions and under the influence of UV illumination. In this paper, a UV flash lamp and a solid-state UV source, with its much faster turn-off time, were utilized in conjunction with a high temporal resolution testing apparatus. The UV pulse, excitation voltage, discharge current, and flashover self-luminosity were measured with high temporal precision. We relate recent experiments to our experimental findings of surface flashover under atmospheric conditions gained over the past five years. A simple model that describes the observed behavior will be presented. In addition, a more advanced Monte Carlo-type code for electron collision dynamics will be utilized to further analyze the role of UV in surface flashover under atmospheric conditions.

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+ Fast-charging compact seed source for magnetic flux compression generators
  M. Elsayed, M. Kristiansen, A. Neuber, Fast-charging compact seed source for magnetic flux compression generators, 2008 Review of Scientific Instruments. Vol. 79, 124702.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ High Current Surface Flashover in a High Pressure SF6 Environment
  J. Krile, A. Neuber, R. Vela, "High Current Surface Flashover in a High Pressure SF6 Environment", to appear in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2008)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ High Power Microwave Switching Utilizing A Waveguide Spark Gap
  J. Foster, G. Edmiston, M. Thomas, A. Neuber, High Power Microwave Switching Utilizing A Waveguide Spark Gap, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 114701 (2008).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ High Power Microwave System
  T. Holt, A. Young, M. Elsayed, J. Walter, A. Neuber, and M. Kristiansen, "High Power Microwave System", to appear in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2008)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Images From the Development of a High-Power Microwave System
  T. Holt, A. Young, M. Elsayed, J. Walter, A. Neuber, and M. Kristiansen, Images From the Development of a High-Power Microwave System, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 1414-1415 (2008).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Imaging of High Power Microwave Induced Surface Flashover on a Corrugated Dielectric Window
  G. Edmiston, J. Krile, A. Neuber, "Imaging of High Power Microwave Induced Surface Flashover on a Corrugated Dielectric Window", to appear in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (2008)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Imaging of the Explosive Emission Cathode Plasma in a Vircator High-Power Microwave Source
  Walter, J.; Mankowski, J.; Dickens, J.; Imaging of the Explosive Emission Cathode Plasma in a Vircator High-Power Microwave Source; Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on Volume 36, Issue 4, Part 1, Aug. 2008 Page(s):1388 - 1389 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPS.2008.924489
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Low-Jitter Triggered Spark Gap With High-Pressure Gas Mixtures
  Yeong-Jer Chen; Mankowski, J.J.; Dickens, J.C.; Walter, J.; Kristiansen, M.; Low-Jitter Triggered Spark Gap With High-Pressure Gas Mixtures; Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on Volume 36, Issue 5, Part 3, Oct. 2008 Page(s):2546 - 2553 ; Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPS.2008.2004366
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Secondary Arc Formation Within a Distributed Energy Railgun
  Karhi, R.W.; Mankowski, J.J.; Dickens, J.C.; Kristiansen, M.; Wetz, D.A.; Secondary Arc Formation Within a Distributed Energy Railgun; Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on Volume 36, Issue 5, Part 3, Oct. 2008 Page(s):2738 - 2746 Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPS.2008.2004228
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Seed Electron Production from O- Ions under High Power Microwave Excitation
  G. F. Edmiston, A. A. Neuber, H. G. Krompholz, J. T. Krile, "Seed Electron Production from O- Ions under High Power Microwave Excitation", J. Appl. Phys. 103, 063303 (2008)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Utilization of a Nonexplosive Test Bed for Flux-Compression-Generator Electroexplosive Opening Switches
  D. W. Belt, J. J. Mankowski, A. A. Neuber, J.C. Dickens, M. Kristiansen, Utilization of a Nonexplosive Test Bed for Flux-Compression-Generator Electroexplosive Opening Switches, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, 2684 - 2690, (2008).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  2007
+ A Bench Top Railgun With Distributed Energy Sources
  Mankowski, J.; Dickens, J.; Giesselmann, M.; McDaniel, B.; McHale, B.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Volume 43, Issue 1, Part 2, Jan. 2007 Page(s):167 - 169
Abstract:  Experimental results of a distributed energy source railgun are presented. Distributed energy source railguns were first proposed by Marshal in an asynchronous scheme and later by Parker synchronously. Both schemes employ a "traveling excitation wave" to push the projectile along the rail. The primary advantages of such a scheme over the common breech-fed is higher efficiency due to less energy remaining in the rail and lower rail resistive loses. Another advantage is the reduction in the probability of re-strike. However, these advantages are achieved at a cost of higher switching complexity. As a proof of principle experiment, we have constructed a bench-top solid armature railgun with distributed energy sources. Instead of a single, capacitive, breech-fed, energy source, the current is supplied by two storage capacitor banks, placed at different positions along the rail. The switching configuration, which requires a dedicated switch at each capacitor, is realized with sold state switches. The railgun is diagnosed in order to evaluate performance and to appropriately trigger the switches. In addition, experimental results are compared to simulation

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+ Cathode and Anode Optimization in a Virtual Cathode Oscillator
  Chen, Y.; Mankowski, J.; Walter, J.; Kristiansen, M.; Gale, R.; IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, [see also IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation] Volume 14, Issue 4, Aug. 2007 Page(s):1037 - 1044
Abstract:  Not Available

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+ Contributing Factors to Window Flashover Under Pulsed High Power Microwave Excitation at High Altitude
  G. Edmiston, A. Neuber, L. McQuage, J. Krile, H. Krompholz, J. Dickens, "Contributing Factors to Window Flashover Under Pulsed High Power Microwave Excitation at High Altitude", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 14, pp. 783-789 (2007)
Abstract:  One of the major limiting factors for the transmission of high power microwave (HPM) radiation is the interface between dielectric-vacuum or even more severely between dielectric-air if HPM is to be radiated into the atmosphere. Surface flashover phenomena which occur at these transitions severely limit the power levels which can be transmitted. It is of major technological importance to predict surface flashover events for a given window geometry, material and power level. When considering an aircraft based high power microwave platform, the effects on flashover formation due to variances in the operational environment corresponding to altitudes from sea level to 50,000 feet (760 to 90 Torr; 1 Torr=133.3 Pa) are of primary interest. The test setup is carefully designed to study the influence of each atmospheric variable without the influence of high field enhancement or electron injecting metallic electrodes. Experimental data of flashover delay times across different materials, such as polycarbonate, Teflonreg, and high density polyethylene as a function of background pressure and gas type, air, N2, argon are discussed. An empirical relationship between flashover field amplitude and delay time is given.

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+ Dielectric Surface Flashover at Atmospheric Conditions with Unipolar Pulsed Voltage Excitation
  Morales, K.; Krile, J.; Neuber, A.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, [see also IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation], Volume 14, Issue 4, Aug. 2007 Page(s):774 - 782
Abstract:  Not Available

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+ IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation
  G. Edmiston, A. Neuber, L. McQuage, J. Krile, H. Krompholz, J. Dickens, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Volume: 14 , Issue: 4, Page(s): 783 - 789
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Interface Breakdown During High-Power Microwave Transmission
  Neuber, A. A.; Edmiston, G. F.; Krile, J. T.; Krompholz, H.; Dickens, J. C.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Volume 43, Issue 1, Part 2, Jan. 2007 Page(s):496
Abstract:  The major limiting factor in the transmission of narrowband high-power microwaves (HPM) has been the interface between vacuum-vacuum or even more severely between vacuum-air if HPM are to be radiated into the atmosphere. Extensive studies have identified the physical mechanisms associated with vacuum/dielectric flashover, as opposed to the mechanisms associated with dielectric/air flashover, which are not as well known. Due to the high electron collision frequencies (in the terahertz range) with the background gas molecules, established mitigation methods and concepts of vacuum/dielectric flashover will have to be re-evaluated. The primarily limiting factors of HPM transmission through a dielectric/air interface are presented based on recent experiments at 2.85 GHz. The physics of the involved mechanisms and their practical ramifications are discussed. The potential of surface roughness/geometry for flashover mitigation is addressed as

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+ Jitter and Recovery Rate of a Triggered Spark Gap with High Pressure Gas Mixtures
  Yeong-Jer Chen; Mankowski, J.J.; Walter, J.W.; Dickens, J.C.; Jitter and Recovery Rate of a Triggered Spark Gap with High Pressure Gas Mixtures; Pulsed Power Plasma Science, 2007. PPPS 2007. Conference Record - Abstracts. IEEE 17-22 June 2007 Page(s):255 - 25
Abstract:  Summary form only given. Recent attention in impulse antenna phased array has necessitated the need to develop a reliable high voltage, high repetition rate switch that will operate with ultra low jitter. An ideal jitter of a small fraction of the rise time is required to accurately synchronize the array to steer and preserve the rise time of the radiated pulse. This paper presents the impact, gases and gas mixtures have on switch performance which includes recovery rate and in particular, jitter. A 50 Omega, 2.4 nF pulse forming line is charged to 50 kV and provides the low inductance voltage source to test the different gases. Triggering is provided by an SOS voltage source that supplies >100 kV, 10 ns rise-time pulses at a rep rate up to 1 kHz in burst mode. A hermetically sealed spark gap with a Kel-F lining is used to house the switch and high pressure gas. The system will also introduce a high pressure gas mixing chamber that can mix various gases up to 2000 psi. Gases tested include dry air, H2, and SF6.

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+ Pulsed Dielectric Surface Flashover in an SF6 Environment
  J. T. Krile, R. Vela, A. A. Neuber, and H. G. Krompholz, "Pulsed Dielectric Surface Flashover in an SF6 Environment", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 35, pp. 1580-1587 (2007)
Abstract:  A recently upgraded laser-triggered gas switch at Sandia National Laboratories has developed a failure mode that results in the breakdown spark tracking to the inside of the containment envelope. These breakdowns along the surface, or surface flashovers, degrade the performance of the overall switch, causing the switch to prefire in the successive shot. In the following, experimental results of pulsed surface flashover across different dielectric materials in SF6, primarily at atmospheric pressure, as well as flashover and volume breakdown in at pressures from 1.3 to 365.4 kPa are presented. In addition to fast voltage and current monitoring of the breakdown event, an increased emphasis was put on imaging the event as well as gathering optical emission spectra (~200-700 nm) from it. As much as possible, the small-scale experiments were designed to reproduce, at least partly, the conditions as they are found in the large 5-MV switch. An effort was made to determine what changes could be made to reduce the occurrence of surface flashovers, in addition to some broadly applicable conclusions on surface flashovers in an SF6 environment.

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+ Spectral Analysis of Pulsed Volume Breakdown in SF6 at High Pressures
  Krile, J. T.; Vela, R.; Neuber, A. A.; Krompholz, H. G.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 35, Issue 4, Part 3, Aug. 2007 Page(s):1163 - 1169
Abstract:  The Z-machine, which is located at Sandia National Laboratories, is currently undergoing refurbishment to increase the output drive current. Due to increased switching voltage requirements, some switch failure modes have been identified with the laser-triggered gas switch design, including envelope surface flashover. In order to improve the performance and lifetime of these switches, a basic understanding of the underlying physics of the failure mechanisms is required. A small-scale experimental setup has been constructed to approximate conditions within the switch. The possible impact of the $hbox{SF}_{6}$ volume spark between the switch electrodes on the envelope surface flashover is investigated. Measured optical spectra of the $ hbox{SF}_{6}$ volume spark over a wide pressure range, from rough vacuum to 40 psig overpressure, are analyzed regarding their potential to contribute to switch failure

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Publication Year:  2006
+ Conduction and breakdown mechanismsin transformer oil
  Butcher, M.; Neuber, A.A.; Cevallos, M.D.; Dickens, J.C.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 34, Issue 2, Part 3, April 2006 Page(s):467 - 475
Abstract:  With a fast coaxial test setup using high speed electrical and optical diagnostics, prebreakdown current pulses and shadowgraphy images are measured for direct current (dc) breakdown in Univolt 61 transformer oil. Also, dc currents across the gap are measured using a high sensitivity electrometer. The conduction and breakdown mechanisms in transformer oil as function of applied hydrostatic pressures are quantified. Together, this information provides data on the development of current flow in the system. We have identified three stages in the conduction process prior to breakdown for highly nonuniform fields. Stage 1 is characterized by a resistive current at low fields. Increasing the applied electric field lowers the effective barrier at the metal/dielectric interface allowing a "tunneling" mechanism to begin, leading to the rapid rise in the injection current observed in stage 2. In stage 3, at high fields, the current reaches space charge saturation with an apparent mobility of 3/spl middot/10/sup -3/ cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s prior to breakdown. The processes of final breakdown show a distinct polarity dependence. A strong pressure dependence of the breakdown voltage is recorded for negative needle/plane breakdown; a 50% reduction in breakdown voltage is observed when the hydrostatic pressure is lowered from atmospheric pressure to hundreds of mtorr. Positive needle discharges show a reduction of only about 10% in breakdown voltage for the reduced pressure case. Weak pressure dependence indicates the breakdown mechanism does not have a strong gaseous component. We will discuss possible links between conduction current and dc breakdown.

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+ Design and implementation of a flux compression generator nonexplosive test bed for electroexplosive fuses
  D. Belt, J. Mankowski, A. Neuber, J. Dickens, and M. Kristiansen Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3102; Departments of Electrical, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3102; and Computer Engineering and Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3102 Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol 77, Article 094702 (2006) (7 pages)
Abstract:  Helical flux compression generators (HFCGs) of a 50 mm form factor have been shown to produce output energies on the order of ten times the seeded value and a typical deposited energy of 3 kJ into a 3 µH inductor. By utilizing an electroexplosive fuse, a large dI/dt into a coupled load is possible. Our previous work with a nonoptimized fuse has produced ~100 kV into a 15 load, which leads into a regime relevant for high power microwave systems. It is expected that ~300 kV can be achieved with the present two-stage HFCG driving an inductive storage system with electroexploding fuse. In order to optimize the electroexplosive wire fuse, we have constructed a nonexplosive test bed which simulates the HFCG output with high accuracy. We have designed and implemented a capacitor based, magnetic switching scheme to generate the near exponential rise of the HFCG. The varying inductance approach utilizes four stages of inductance change and is based upon a piecewise linear regression model of the HFCG wave form. The nonexplosive test bed will provide a more efficient method of component testing and has demonstrated positive initial fuse results. By utilizing the nonexplosive test bed, we hope to reduce the physical size of the inductive energy storage system and fuse substantially. ©2006 American Institute of Physics

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+ High-Power Microwave Surface Flashover of a Gas-Dielectric Interface at 90-760 torr
  Edmiston, G.; Krile, J.; Neuber, A.; Dickens, J.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 34, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2006 Page(s):1782 - 1788
Abstract:  The major limiting factor in the transmission of high-power microwave (HPM) has been the interface between dielectric–vacuum or, even more severely, between dielectric–air, if HPM is to be radiated into the atmosphere. Extensive studies have identified the physical mechanisms associated with vacuum–dielectric flashover, as opposed to the mechanisms associated with air–dielectric flashover, which are not as well known. Surface-flashover tests involving high field enhancement due to the presence of a triple point have shown that volume breakdown threshold (dielectric removed) is approximately 50% higher than the flashover threshold with a dielectric interface over the 90–760 torr range. In order to quantify the role of field enhancement in the flashover process independent of electron injection from metallic surfaces, the effects of the triple point are minimized by carefully choosing the geometry, and in some cases, the triple point is “removed” from the flashover location. Experimental results were presented, including the impact of gas pressure and the presence of UV illumination, along with temperature analysis of the developing discharge plasma and temporally resolved images of the flashover formation. These results are compared with literature data for volume breakdown in air, with discussion on the similarities and differences between the data.

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+ Monte Carlo simulation of HPM window breakdown at atmospheric conditions
  John T. Krile, Andreas A. Neuber, Hermann G. Krompholz, and Thomas L. Gibson, Monte Carlo simulation of HPM window breakdown at atmospheric conditions. Applied Physics Letters vol. 89, 201501 (2006).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Phenomenology of subnanosecond gas discharges at pressures below one atmosphere
  Krompholz, H.G.; Hatfield, L.L.; Neuber, A.A.; Kohl, K.P.; Chaparro, J.E.; Han-Yong Ryu; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 34, Issue 3, Part 3, June 2006 Page(s):927 -
Abstract:  Volume breakdown and surface flashover in quasi-homogeneous applied fields in 10/sup -5/ to 600 torr argon and dry air are investigated, using voltage pulses with 150 ps risetime, <1ns duration, and up to 150 kV amplitude into a matched load. The test system consists of a transmission line, a transition to a biconical section, and a test gap, with gap distances of about 1mm. The arrangement on the other side of the gap is symmetrical. Diagnostics include fast capacitive voltage dividers, for determination of voltage waveforms in the gap, and conduction current waveforms through the gap. X-ray diagnostics use a scintillator-photomultiplier combination with different absorber foils yielding coarse spectral resolution. Optical diagnostics include use of a streak camera to get information on the discharge channel geometry and dynamics, and temporally resolved measurements with photomultipliers. Breakdown delay times are on the order of 100-400 ps, with minima occurring in the range of several 10torr. X-ray emission extends to pressures >100 torr, indicating the role of runaway electrons during breakdown. Maximum X-ray emission coincides with shortest breakdown delay times at several 10 torr. Simple modeling using the average force equation and cross sections for momentum transfer and ionization supports the experimental results

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+ Pulsed dielectric surface flashover in nitrogen at atmospheric conditions
  Morales, K.P.; Krile, J.T.; Neuber, A.A.; Krompholz, H.G.; IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Volume 13, Issue 4, Aug. 2006 Page(s):803 - 809
Abstract:  Dielectric flashover along insulators in vacuum has been comprehensively researched in the past. Less studied, but of similar importance, is surface flashover at atmospheric pressures and the impact of an atypical electrode geometry, humidity, and ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Previous research has shown distinct discharge behavior in air and nitrogen environments for an electrode geometry in which the applied electric field lines curve above the dielectric surface. It was concluded that the discharge development path, whether along the electric field lines or the surface of the dielectric, is related to the oxygen content in the atmospheric background. It is believed that this dependence is due to the discharge’s production of UV radiation in an oxygen rich environment. Thus, experiments were conducted in a nitrogen environment employing UV surface illumination in order to observe the affects on the flashover spark behavior. From the experimental data, it can be ascertained that UV illumination and intensity play a significant role in the discharge development path. Based on these results an explanation of the physical mechanisms primarily involved in unipolar surface flashover will be presented. Additional experiments regarding the effects of humidity on the discharge behavior will be discussed as well.

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+ Similarities Of Dielectric Surface Flashover at Atmospheric Conditions for Pulsed Unipolar and RF Excitation
  J. Krile, G. Edmiston, K. Morales, A. Neuber, H. Krompholz, and M. Kristiansen, Similarities Of Dielectric Surface Flashover at Atmospheric Conditions for Pulsed Unipolar and RF Excitation, Laser Physics in Special Issue "Plasma, Beams, and Lasers" Dedicated to Professor Gennady A. Mesyats on his 70th Birth Anniversary, vol. 16, pp. 194-201, 2006.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Impact of Field Enhancements and Charge Injection on the Pulsed Breakdown Strength of Water
  Wetz, D.A.; Mankowski, J.J.; Dickens, J.C.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 34, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2006 Page(s):1670 - 1679
Abstract:  A unique theoretical model of the breakdown mechanism in water has been developed and further tested in both simulation software and experimentation. The conducted experiments test the degree to which electrode material, surface roughness, and surface area impact the dielectric strength of water. Voltage pulses with respective rise times of roughly 200 and 20 ns were applied to a water test gap producing electric fields in excess of 1.5 MV/cm. In experiments testing various electrode materials, thin film coatings of various metallic alloys and oxides were applied to Bruce-profiled stainless steel electrodes, with an effective area of 5$hboxcm^2$, through ion beam deposition. Similar Bruceprofiled stainless steel electrodes with surface roughness ranging from 0.26 to 1.96$muhboxm$and effective areas ranging from 0.5 to 75$hboxcm^2$were used in the study of surface roughness and area. Additionally, shadowgraph images of a point plane geometry were taken to further understand the breakdown processes that occur.

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Publication Year:  2005
+ DC and Pulsed Dielectric Surface Flashover at Atmospheric Pressure
  Krile, J.T.; Neuber, A.A.; Dickens, J.C.; Krompholz, H.G.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 33, Issue 4, Part 1, Aug. 2005 Page(s):1149 - 1154
Abstract:  In a wide variety of high-voltage applications surface flashover plays a major role in the system's performance and yet has not been studied in great detail for atmospheric conditions with modern diagnostic tools. Environmental conditions to be considered include pressure, humidity, and gas present in the volume surrounding the dielectric. In order to gain knowledge into the underlying process involved in dielectric surface flashover, a setup has been created to produce and closely monitor the flashover event. Surface flashover for both direct current and pulsed voltages is considered. Within the setup, parameters such as geometry, material, and temporal characteristics of the applied voltage can be altered. Current, voltage, and luminosity are measured with nanosecond to sub-nanosecond resolution. Previously measured optical emission spectra is also discussed.

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+ Design and optimization of a compact, repetitive, high-power microwave system
  Y. J. Chen, A. A. Neuber, J. Mankowski, J. C. Dickens, and M. Kristiansen Texas Tech University, Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3102 R. Gale Texas Tech University, Nano Tech Center, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3102 Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol 76, Article 104703 (2005) (8 pages)
Abstract:  The electrical characteristics and design features of a low inductance, compact, 500 kV, 500 J, 10 Hz repetition rate Marx generator for driving an high-power microwave (HPM) source are discussed. Benefiting from the large energy density of mica capacitors, four mica capacitors were utilized in parallel per stage, keeping the parasitic inductance per stage low. Including the spark-gap switches, a stage inductance of 55 nH was measured, which translates with 100 nF capacitance per stage to ~18.5 characteristic Marx impedance. Using solely inductors, ~1 mH each, as charging elements instead of resistors enabled charging the Marx within less than 100 ms with little charging losses. The pulse width of the Marx into a matched resistive load is about 200 ns with 50 ns rise time. Repetitive HPM generation with the Marx directly driving a small virtual cathode oscilator (Vircator) has been verified. The Marx is fitted into a tube with 30 cm diameter and a total length of 0.7 m. We discuss the Marx operation at up to 21 kV charging voltage per stage, with repetition rates of up to 10 Hz in burst mode, primarily into resistive loads. A lumped circuit description of the Marx is also given, closely matching the experimental results. Design and testing of a low cost, all-metal Vircator cathode will also be discussed. ©2005 American Institute of Physics

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+ Guest Editorial Special Issue on Power Modulators and Repetitive Pulsed Power
  Kirkici, H.; Neuber, A.; Umstattd, R.J.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 33, Issue 4, Part 1, Aug. 2005 Page(s):1134 - 1135
Abstract:  Not Available

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+ Imaging of dielectric surface flashover in atmospheric conditions
  Krile, J.; Neuber, A.; Dickens, J.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 33, Issue 2, Part 1, Apr 2005 Page(s):270 - 271
Abstract:  Using a gated intensified digital charge coupled device (ICCD) camera, the development of flashovers across a dielectric surface has been imaged in various gasses at atmospheric pressures. The arc displayed a strong tendency to develop close to the surface, as opposed to following the electric field line leading away from the surface, when oxygen is present in the environment. These findings along with spectroscopy data help to yield a better understanding of the processes involved in surface flashover.

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+ Imaging of negative polarity dc breakdown streamer expansion in transformer oil due to variations in background pressure
  Cevallos, M.D.; Butcher, M.; Dickens, J.; Neuber, A.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 33, Issue 2, Part 1, April 2005 Page(s):494 - 495
Abstract:  The breakdown physics of transformer oil is investigated using high speed electrical and optical diagnostics. Experiments are done in self-breakdown mode utilizing a needle/plane geometry. Shadowgraphy combined with high-speed electrical diagnostics are aimed at measuring streamer expansion as a function of external pressure. Assuming a breakdown mechanism for negative needle based on bubble formation with subsequent carrier amplification in the gas phase implies a pressure dependence, which is observed in the experiments, i.e. the expansion velocity decreases with increasing pressure.

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+ Microbubble-based model analysis of liquid breakdown initiation by a submicrosecond pulse
  J. Qian, R. P. Joshi, J. Kolb, and K. H. Schoenbach, J. Dickens, A. Neuber, M. Butcher, M. Cevallos, and H. Krompholz, E. Schamiloglu and J. Gaudet, "Microbubble-based model analysis of liquid breakdown initiation by a submicrosecond pulse," J. Appl. Phys. 97, 113304, 2005.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Impact of Surface Conditioning and Area on the Pulsed Breakdown Strength of Water
  Wetz, D.A., Jr.; Truman, K.P.; Mankowski, J.J.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 33, Issue 4, Part 1, Aug. 2005 Page(s):1161 - 1169
Abstract:  Experimental results are presented on the degree to which electrode surface conditioning and surface area impact the dielectric strength of water. The applied pulse to the test gap reached electric field levels greater than 1.5 MV/cm with risetimes around 200 and 50 ns, respectively. The test gap is composed of 304 stainless steel electrodes machined with a Bruce profile. Electrode surface roughness ranged from 0.34 to 1.41$muhbox m$and effective areas ranged from 0.5 to 75$hbox cm^2$. Additional results are presented on the pulsed breakdown strength of Rexolite with various surface finishes ranging from .025 to 5.715$muhbox m$. Conclusions are made as to the effect electrode surface area and surface roughness has on the holdoff voltage of water dielectric systems. Conclusions are also made as to the impact of the surface condition of Rexolite has on its bulk breakdown strength.

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Publication Year:  2004
+ Approximate Analytical Solitopms for the Space-Charge-Limited Current in One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Cylindrical Diodes
  "Approximate Analytical Solitopms for the Space-Charge-Limited Current in One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Cylindrical Diodes", Physics of Plasmas, 11, 6 3278-3283, June 2004 (with James Dickesn, L.L. Hatfield, and Eun-Ho Choi).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Approximate Analytical Solutions for the Space-Charge-Limited Current in One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Cylindrical Diodes
  "Approximate Analytical Solutions for the Space-Charge-Limited Current in One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Cylindrical Diodes", Physics of Plasmas, June 2004 11 6, 3278-3283, (with James Dickens, L.L. Hatfield, and Eun-Ho Choi).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ DC flashover of a dielectric surface in atmospheric conditions
  Krile, J.T.; Neuber, A.A.; Dickens, J.C.; Krompholz, H.G.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 32, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2004 Page(s):1828 - 1834
Abstract:  Surface flashover is a major consideration in a wide variety of high-voltage applications, and yet has not been studied in great detail for atmospheric conditions, with modern diagnostic tools. Environmental conditions to be considered include pressure, humidity, and gas present in the volume surrounding the dielectric. In order to gain knowledge into the underlying process involved in dielectric surface flashover, a setup has been created to produce and closely monitor the flashover event. Within the setup parameters such as geometry, material, and temporal characteristics of the applied voltage can be altered. Current, voltage, luminosity, and optical emission spectra are measured with nanosecond to subnanosecond resolution. Spatially and temporally resolved light emission data is also gathered along the arc channel. Our fast imaging data show a distinct trend for the spark in air to closely follow the surface even if an electrical field with a strong normal component is present. This tendency is lacking in the presence of gases such as nitrogen, where the spark follows more closely the electric field lines and develops away from the surface. Further, the breakdown voltage in all measured gases decreases with increasing humidity, in some cases as much as 50% with an increase from 10% relative humidity to 90% relative humidity.

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+ Guest Editorial Fifth Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology
  Dickens, J.C.; Lehr, J.M.; Mankowski, J.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 32, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2004 Page(s):1763 - 1764
Abstract:  Not Available

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+ Magnetic flux compression Generators
  Neuber, A.A.; Dickens, J.C.; Proceedings of the IEEE Volume 92, Issue 7, July 2004 Page(s):1205 - 1215
Abstract:  Magnetic flux compression generators offer the largest pulsed power output per unit size or weight when compared with other more conventional systems. They have found widespread use as pulsed power sources for hydrodynamics programs and high magnetic field research at national laboratories or in commercial applications, including exploration for oil and minerals and mine detection. Also, due to their nature as a true one-time-use device with superior energy density, a large portion of applications is defense related. A variety of basic magnetic flux compression generator designs have been developed and tested during the past four decades. All of them rely on the explosive-driven deformation of a system of conductors having an initial, preferably large, inductance. The most successful basic design is the helical flux compression generator, which is capable of producing a high-energy output into large impedance loads, just as it is needed for a practical pulsed power source. This paper will review the advances and state of the art of primarily helical magnetic flux compression generators mainly developed as pulsed power sources and will offer new insights gained as a result of a recently completed five-year AFOSR/DoD Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative program that studied the basic physics and engineering aspects of helical flux compression generators

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+ Microwave frequency determination mechanisms in a coaxial vircator
  Xupeng Chen; Dickens, J.; Mankowski, J.; Hatfield, L.L.; Eun Ha Choi; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 32, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2004 Page(s):1799 - 1804
Abstract:  Traditionally, the radiated microwave frequency in a coaxial vircator is considered to be determined primarily by the virtual cathode oscillation frequency and the electron reflection frequency. In this paper, some experiments showing different results are reported. In particular, the E-beam is observed to play an important role in the cavity formation. Some possible explanations, including a virtual cavity concept, are proposed. The cavity resonance effect on a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator with different geometries has been investigated in detail. Investigation of the E-beam performance will improve understanding of the interaction between the E-beam and microwaves, which is a key for determining the microwave frequency. These results are helpful in optimizing the design of a cylindrical diode to avoid microwave frequency shifting and mode competition.

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+ Modern Pulsed Power: Charlie Martin and Beyond
  Schamiloglu, E.; Barker, R.J.; Gundersen, M.; Neuber, A.A.; Proceedings of the IEEE on Pulsed Power Technology, Volume 92, Issue 7, July 2004 Page(s):1014 - 1020
Abstract:  In this introduction to the Special Issue on pulsed power and its applications, background information is provided for the nonspecialist to better understand the many challenges in designing pulsed power systems, and the wide diversity of applications that are now emerging. The approach to providing a tutorial on pulsed power technology is to make available to the reader the paper written by J. C. Martin which appeared in a Special Section of the Proceedings of the IEEE on pulsed power technology in June 1992. That paper is supplemented in this introduction with additional information that complements many of the invited papers composing this Special Issue.

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+ Quantification of ohmic and intrinsic flux losses in helical flux compression Generators
  Hernandez, J.C.; Neuber, A.A.; Dickens, J.C.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 32, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2004 Page(s):1902 - 1908
Abstract:  Helical magnetic flux compression generators (MFCGs) are the most promising energy sources with respect to their current amplification and compactness. They are able of producing high current pulses required in many pulsed power applications with at least one order of magnitude higher energy density than capacitive storage with similar discharge characteristics. However, the main concern with MFCGs is their intrinsic flux loss that limits severely their performance and which is not yet well understood. In general, all flux losses have a differing degree of impact, depending on the generator's volume, current and energy amplification, size of the driven load, and angular frequency of armature-helix contact point. Although several computer models have been developed in the open literature, none of them truly quantify, starting from basic physics principles, the ohmic and intrinsic flux losses in helical MFCGs. This paper describes a novel method that provides a separate calculation of intrinsic flux losses (flux that is left behind in the conductors and lost for compression) and ohmic losses, being especially easy to implement and fast to calculate. We also provide a second method that uses a simple flux quantification, making a mathematical connection between the intrinsic flux losses, quantified by the first method, and the intrinsic flux losses observed in the generators. This second method can also be used to a priori estimate the MFCG performance. Further, we will show experimental and calculated data and discuss the physical efficiency limits and scaling of generator performance at small sizes.

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+ Research issues in developing compact pulsed power for high peak power applications on mobile platforms
  Gaudet, J.A.; Barker, R.J.; Buchenauer, C.J.; Christodoulou, C.; Dickens, J.; Gundersen, M.A.; Joshi, R.P.; Krompholz, H.G.; Kolb, J.F.; Kuthi, A.; Laroussi, M.; Neuber, A.; Nunnally, W.; Schamiloglu, E.; Schoenbach, K.H.; Tyo, J.S.; Vidmar, R.J.; Proceedings of the IEEE on Pulsed Power, Volume 92, Issue 7, July 2004 Page(s):1144 - 1165
Abstract:  Pulsed power is a technology that is suited to drive electrical loads requiring very large power pulses in short bursts (high-peak power). Certain applications require technology that can be deployed in small spaces under stressful environments, e.g., on a ship, vehicle, or aircraft. In 2001, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) launched a long-range (five-year) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) to study fundamental issues for compact pulsed power. This research program is endeavoring to: 1) introduce new materials for use in pulsed power systems; 2) examine alternative topologies for compact pulse generation; 3) study pulsed power switches, including pseudospark switches; and 4) investigate the basic physics related to the generation of pulsed power, such as the behavior of liquid dielectrics under intense electric field conditions. Furthermore, the integration of all of these building blocks is impacted by system architecture (how things are put together). This paper reviews the advances put forth to date by the researchers in this program and will assess the potential impact for future development of compact pulsed power systems

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+ Scanning the Technology
  E. Schamiloglou, R. J. Barker, M. Gunderson, and A. A. Neuber, “Scanning the Technology,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 92, pp. 1014-1020, 2004.
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  2003
+ A Completely Explosive Pulsed Power Mini-System
  "A Completely Explosive Pulsed Power Mini-System", Review of Scientific Instruments, 74, # 1, p 225-230, 2003, (with E.F. Talantsev, S.I. Shkuratov, and J. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Autonomous Ultra-Compact Explosive-Driven High-Voltage Generator Based on a Transverse Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B Hard Ferromagnetics
  "Autonomous Ultra-Compact Explosive-Driven High-Voltage Generator Based on a Transverse Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B Hard Ferromagnetics", Review of Scientific Instruments, 74, no. 1, Part 225-230, 2003 (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev, and J.C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Currents produced by explosive driven transverse shock wave ferromagnetic source of primary power in a coaxial single-turn seeding coil of a Magnetocumulative generator
  "Currents produced by explosive driven transverse shock wave ferromagnetic source of primary power in a coaxial single-turn seeding coil of a Magnetocumulative generator", Journal of Applied Physics, 93, 4529-4535, 15 April 2003 with Sergey I Shkuratov, Evgueni F. Talantsev and James C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Efficiency results from a coaxial vircator using a simple feedback technique
  Mankowski, J.; Cheng, X.; Dickens, J.; Kritiansen, M.; Choi, E.; Digest of Technical Papers. PPC-2003. 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, 2003. Volume 1, 15-18 June 2003 Page(s):455 - 458 Vol.1
Abstract:  Experimental findings on the coaxial virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) at Texas Tech University are reported. A major modification to the system extended the pulse forming line several meters. The pulsed power system now delivers up to 750 kV and 60 kA for at least 70 nsec. Additional modifications include diagnostics to measure the diode voltage, current, and radiated field pattern of the output microwaves. In this initial phase of experiments copper reflectors were installed within the diode to provide a simple means of microwave feedback to assist in the e-beam modulation. Thus far we have observed microwave peak power output with feedback reflectors as high as 3.5 GW corresponding to an efficiency of /spl sim/9.5%. Measured radiated field patterns show evidence of multimode operation.

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+ Fast, Real-Time Monitoring of Rotating Machines using Digital Motion Control Co-Processors
  M. Giesselmann, B. McHale, and M. Crawford, “Fast, Real-Time Monitoring of Rotating Machines using Digital Motion Control Co-Processors,” presented at 2002 Electromagnetic Launch Symposium, St. Louis, France, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 39, No.1, January 2003, p. 343-347.
Abstract:  This paper describes the use of methods and techniques that have been developed for high-performance control of relatively small and slow turning industrial machines and extend these techniques to the more demanding regime of AC machines used for kinetic energy storage and fast AC servos for military applications. In particular this paper describes a technique for fast monitoring of the output voltage of AC generators. To accomplish fast monitoring, the (sinusoidal) AC output voltage is converted to a DC quantity that represents the instantaneous amplitude. This is achieved through the use of a rotational transformation. This transformation, also called "vector rotation," can be used for very fast observation of the momentary amplitudes of all electrical machine quantities, such that averaging of the AC value (to determine "momentary average" rms amplitude) is not necessary. The procedure is implemented by tightly integrating a digital motion control coprocessor into the memory map of a 16-bit microcontroller.

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+ Helical MFCG For Driving A High Inductance Load
  Andreas A. Neuber, Juan-Carlos Hernández, James C. Dickens, Magne Kristiansen, Electromagnetic Phenomena, vol. 3, pp. 397-404, (2003).
Abstract:  Even at small dimensions of less than 0.5 meter in length end-initiated helical magnetic flux compression generators (MFCG) have at least one order of magnitude higher energy density (by weight or volume) than capacitive energy storage with similar discharge time characteristics. However, simple MFCGs with a single helix produce high output energy only into low inductance loads, thus producing several 100 kA of current at a voltage level of less than 10 kV. Many pulsed power devices require less current but a considerably higher voltage level. For effectively driving a high inductance load of several µH, a multistage MFCG design has been suggested. We successfully tested a dual stage MFCG with a total length of 250 mm, a helix inner diameter of 51 mm, which is wound with Teflon insulated stranded wire of different sizes in the range from AWG 12 to AWG 22. We have presently achieved an energy gain of ~ 13 into a 3 µH load and will discuss the generator performance based on experimental current/voltage waveforms and specify the observed losses.

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+ Longitudinal Shock Wave Demagnetization of High Energy Nd2Fe14B Ferromagnetics
  "Longitudinal Shock Wave Demagnetization of High Energy Nd2Fe14B Ferromagnetics", Applied Physics Letters, 82 8, p.1248-1250, 2003, (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev, and J.C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Seed Currents Produced by an Ultracompact Explosive Driven Transverse Shock Wave Ferromagnetic Source of Primary Power in a Seeding Coil of a Magnetocumulative Generator
  "Seed Currents Produced by an Ultracompact Explosive Driven Transverse Shock Wave Ferromagnetic Source of Primary Power in a Seeding Coil of a Magnetocumulative Generator", Applied Physics Letters, 82, 1248-1250, 2003 (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev, and J.C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  2002
+ Compact Explosive-Driven Generator of Primary Power Based on a Longitudinal Shock Wave Demagnetization of Hard Ferri- and Ferromagnetics
  "Compact Explosive-Driven Generator of Primary Power Based on a Longitudinal Shock Wave Demagnetization of Hard Ferri- and Ferromagnetics", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology, November 2002, (with S.I. Shkuratov, J.C. Dickens, and J.C. Hernendez).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Current Mode of Pulsed Power Generation in Moving Magnet Systems
  "Current Mode of Pulsed Power Generation in Moving Magnet Systems", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology, November 2002, (with S. Shkuratov, J.C. Dickens, and J.C. Hernandez).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Extended Kalman Filter Training of Neural Networks on a SIMD Parallel Machine
  Shuhui Li, Donald C. Wunsch, Edgar O’Hair, Michael G. Giesselmann, “Extended Kalman Filter Training of Neural Networks on a SIMD Parallel Machine”, Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Volume 62, Number 4, April 2002, 544-562.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Field enhanced microwave breakdown in a plasma limiter
  Mankowski, J.J.; Hemmert, D.; Neuber, A.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 30, Issue 1, Part 1, Feb. 2002 Page(s):102 - 103
Abstract:  A new type of plasma limiter is being developed which can turn on in less than 1 ns. The approach taken is to initiate streamer breakdown via a micron radius needle tip. Images were taken of the gap region in argon at several pressures in order to investigate the role of the tip region

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+ Gas breakdown in the subnanosecond regime with voltages below 15 kV
  Krompholz, H.; Hatfield, L.L.; Kristiansen, M.; Hemmert, D.; Short, B.; Mankowski, J.; Brown, M.D.J.; Altgilbers, L.L.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 30, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2002 Page(s):1916 - 1921
Abstract:  Gaseous breakdown in the subnanosecond regime is of interest for fast pulsed power switching, short pulse electromagnetics, and for plasma limiters to protect electronic devices from high power microwave radiation. Previous investigations of subnanosecond breakdown were mainly limited to high-pressure gases or liquids, with voltages in excess of 100 kV. In this paper, we investigate subnanosecond breakdown at applied voltages below 7.5 kV in point-plane geometries in argon, with a needle radius <0.5 /spl mu/m. The coaxial setup allows current and voltage measurements with temporal resolutions down to 80 ps. Voltages of 7.5 kV (which are doubled at the open gap before breakdown) produce breakdowns with a delay of about 1 ns. With negative pulses applied to the tip and the same amplitude, breakdown is always observed during the rising part of the pulse, with breakdown delay times below 800 ps, at pressures between 10/sup 2/ and 10/sup 4/ Pa. At lower pressure, a longer delay time (8 ns at 6 Pa) is observed. We expect the breakdown mechanism to be dominated by electron field emission, but still influenced by gaseous amplification.

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+ High-speed optical diagnostic of an exploding wire fuse
  Giesselmann, M.; Heeren, T.; Neuber, A.; Walter, J.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 30, Issue 1, Part 1, Feb. 2002 Page(s):100 - 101
Abstract:  Explosive flux compression generators generate hundreds of kiloamperes and voltages of a few kilovolts. A power conditioning stage is required since typically voltages in the hundreds of kilovolts range are needed. Inductive energy storage systems with an opening switch provide the necessary voltage gain. In our application, the opening switch has been implemented as an exploding wire fuse. The voltage gain, and hence the performance of the system, is greatly dependent on the opening switch. We utilized high-speed optical imaging (up to 107 pictures/s) to assess the performance of the exploding wire fuse

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+ Shock Wave Demagnetization of BaFe12O19 Hard Ferrimagnetics
  "Shock Wave Demagnetization of BaFe12O19 Hard Ferrimagnetics", Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002) 3007-3009 (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev and J. Dickens.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Single Shot, Repetitive and Life-Time High-Voltage Testing of Capacitors
  "Single Shot, Repetitive and Life-Time High-Voltage Testing of Capacitors", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology, 30 1665, October 2002, (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev, L.L. Hatfield, and J.C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Subnanosecond corona inception in an ultrawideband environment
  Mankowski, J.; Dickens, J.; Kristiansen, M.; Lehr, J.; Prather, W.; Gaudet, J.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 30, Issue 3, Part 1, June 2002 Page(s):1211 - 1214
Abstract:  Corona discharges in ultrawideband radiating systems can have adverse effects on performance such as reflection, phase dispersion, and significant power losses. A test-bed has been assembled to experimentally observe corona created by voltage pulses similar to ultrawideband systems. The current work involves the attenuation of an incident pulse after propagation through a self-initiated corona and relative measurements of visible light emission from the photoionization produced during streamer development. Several gas dielectrics, including ambient air, N/sub 2/, H/sub 2/, and SF/sub 6/, were tested.

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+ The Conductivity of a Longitudinal-Shock-Wave-Compressed Nd2Fe14B Hard Ferromagnetics
  "The Conductivity of a Longitudinal-Shock-Wave-Compressed Nd2Fe14B Hard Ferromagnetics", Modern Physics Letters B, 16, No. 12 (2002) 1-11 (with E.F. Talantsev, S.I. Shkuratov, and J. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Theoretical Treatment of Explosive Driven Ferroelectric Generators
  "Theoretical Treatment of Explosive Driven Ferroelectric Generators", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology, 30 1665, October 2002, (with S.I. Shkuratov, Ya. Tkach, E.F. Talantsev, J. Dickens, L.L. Altgilbers, and P.T. Tracy).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Thermodynamic state of the magnetic flux compression generator volume
  Neuber, A.; Holt, T.; Dickens, J.C.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 30, Issue 5, Part 1, Oct. 2002 Page(s):1659 - 1664
Abstract:  The thermodynamic state of the gas trapped in the volume of helical magnetic flux compression generators was measured using optical emission spectroscopy and fast pressure probes. Three main stages of operation are discussed: (1) the initial stage, which can be represented by a freely expanding armature, that shows fairly low gas temperatures, as low as 2000 K; (2) the intermediate stage during 14-4 /spl mu/s before generator burnout that exhibits mainly an atomic copper line transition at about 0.8 eV; (3) the last few /spl mu/s that reveal a highly compressed gas with temperatures of about 5000 K and pressures of about 1500 bar. Most experiments were conducted in air, initially at STP, some results are given for argon and sulfur hexafluoride initially at one atmosphere. Additionally, the thermodynamic state is linked to the electrical volume breakdown threshold via simple resistance measurements that were conducted in current-free flux compression generators.

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+ Transverse Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B High-Energy Hard Ferromagnetics
  "Transverse Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B High-Energy Hard Ferromagnetics", Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002) 159-162 (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev, and J. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Ultracompact Explosive-Driven High-Current Source of Primary Power Badsed on Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B Hard Ferromagnetics
  "Ultracompact Explosive-Driven High-Current Source of Primary Power Badsed on Shock Wave Demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B Hard Ferromagnetics", Review of Scientific Instruments, 73 (2002) 2738-2742 (with S.I. Shkuratov, E.F. Talantsev, and J. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Vacuum ultraviolet luminous efficiency and plama ion density in alternating current plasma display panels
  "Vacuum ultraviolet luminous efficiency and plama ion density in alternating current plasma display panels", Applied Physics Letters, 81, 3341-3343, 28 October, 2002 (with Eun Ha Choi, Jenon Chulol Ahn, Min Wug Moon, Yoon Jung, Myung Chul Choi, Yoonho Seo, Guangsup Cho, Han Sup Uhm, Kunihide Tachibana, and Ki Woong Whang).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  2001
+ Comparative Analysis of Regression and Artificial Neural Network models for Wind Turbine Power Curve Estimation
  Shuhui Li, Don C. Wunsch, Edgar O'Hair, and Michael G. Giesselmann, "Comparative Analysis of Regression and Artificial Neural Network models for Wind Turbine Power Curve Estimation", Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 123, November 2001.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electrical behavior of a simple helical flux compression generator for code benchmarking
  Neuber, A.; Dickens, J.; Cornette, J.B.; Jamison, K.; Parkinson, E.R.; Giesselmann, M.; Worsey, P.; Baird, J.; Schmidt, M.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 29, Issue 4, Aug. 2001 Page(s):573 - 581
Abstract:  A variety of basic magnetic flux compression (MFC) generator geometries have been tested during the last three decades. Though size and operating regimes differ widely, it is apparent that the helical flux compression generator is the most promising concept with respect to current amplification and compactness. Though the geometry of the helical generator (dynamically expanding armature in the center of a current carrying helix) seems to be basic, it turns out that the understanding of all involved processes is rather difficult. This fact is apparent from the present lack of a computer model that is solely based on physical principles and manages without heuristic factors. A simple generator was designed to address flux and current losses of the helical generator. The generator's maximum current amplitude is given as a function of the seed current and the resulting “seed-current” spread is compared to the output of state-of-the-art computer models. Temporally resolved current and current time derivative signals are compared as well. The detailed generator geometry is introduced in order to facilitate future computer code bench marking or development. The impact of this research on the present understanding of magnetic flux losses in helical MFC generators is briefly discussed

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+ Modeling of a Compulsator and Railgun System
  Michael Giesselmann and Don Eccleshall, “Modeling of a Compulsator and Railgun System”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 37, No.1, January 2001, p. 129…134.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Pulsed Power Systems
  "Pulsed Power Systems"”, Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Third Edition edited by Robert A. Meyers, Vol. 13 (2001), Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA (with James C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Studies on a Helical Magnetic Flux Compression Generator
  A. Neuber, J. Dickens, M. Giesselmann, M. Kristiansen, B. Freeman, D. Dorsey, P. Worsey, J. Baird, M. Schmidt, “Studies on a Helical Magnetic Flux Compression Generator”, Paper 2000-01-3617, Journal of Aerospace, SAE 2000 Transactions, Section 1, ISBN 0-7680-0840-9, © 2001, p. 865…869.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Theory of the virtual cathode oscillator
  "Theory of the virtual cathode oscillator", Physics of Plasmas, 8, #8, Aug 2001 (with Weihua Jiang).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Using Neural Networks to Estimate Wind Turbine Power Generation
  Shuhui Li, Donald C. Wunsch II, Edgar O'Hair, and Michael G. Giesselmann, “Using Neural Networks to Estimate Wind Turbine Power Generation”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Production, No. 3, Vol. 16, September 2001.
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  2000
+ A review of short pulse generator technology
  Mankowski, J.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 28, Issue 1, Feb. 2000 Page(s):102 - 108
Abstract:  Today's ultrafast, pulse generators are capable of producing high-voltage pulses, (>1 kV), with fast, leading-edge rise times, (<1 ns). A review of generator implementation methods is presented that includes a detailed discussion of the various circuit designs and a list of commercially available high-voltage pulse generators. All of these generators are capable of rise times less than a few ns and voltages greater than several hundred volts. Finally, a brief description of the three primary switch types, reed, spark gap, and solid state is presented

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+ Dielectric/Gas Interface Breakdown Caused by High Power Microwaves
  D. Hemmert, A. Neuber, H. Krompholz, L.L Hatfield, and M. Kristiansen: Dielectric/Gas Interface Breakdown Caused by High Power Microwaves. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams, June 25-30, 2000, Nagaoka, Japan, invited.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Experimental and Analytical Investigation of a Pulsed Power Conditioning System for Magnetic Flux Compression Generators
  M. Giesselmann, T. Heeren, E. Kristiansen, J. Kim, J. Dickens, M. Kristiansen, “Experimental and Analytical Investigation of a Pulsed Power Conditioning System for Magnetic Flux Compression Generators”, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, October 2000, p. 1368…1376.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ High Current and High Voltage Pulsed Testing of Resistors
  "High Current and High Voltage Pulsed Testing of Resistors", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology, 28 1607-1614, Oct. 2000 (with S.I. Shkuratov, J. Dickens, L.L. Hatfield, and E. Horrocks).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Microwave magnetic field effects on high-power microwave window breakdown
  Hemmert, D.; Neuber, A.A.; Dickens, J.; Krompholz, H.; Hatfield, L.L.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 28, Issue 3, June 2000 Page(s):472 - 477
Abstract:  Microwave window breakdown in vacuum is investigated for an idealized geometry, where a dielectric slab is located in the center of a rectangular waveguide with its normal parallel to the microwave direction of propagation. An S-band resonant ring with a frequency of 2.85 GHz and a power of 60 MW is used. With field enhancement tips at the edges of the dielectric slab, the threshold power for breakdown is observed to be dependent on the direction of the microwaves; i.e., it is approximately 20% higher for the downstream side of the slab than it is for the upstream side. Simple trajectory calculations of secondary electrons in an RF field show a significant forward motion of electrons parallel to the direction of microwave propagation. Electrons participating in a saturated secondary avalanche on the upstream side are driven into the surface, and electrons on the downstream side are driven off the surface, because of the influence of the microwave magnetic field. In agreement with the standard model of dielectric surface flashover for dc conditions (saturated avalanche and electron-induced outgassing), the corresponding change in the surface charge density is expected to be proportional to the applied breakdown threshold electric field parallel to the surface

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+ Optical diagnostics on helical flux compression generators
  Neuber, A.A.; Dickens, J.C.; Krompholz, H.; Schmidt, M.F.C.; Baird, J.; Worsey, P.N.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 28, Issue 5, Oct. 2000 Page(s):1445 - 1450
Abstract:  Explosively driven magnetic flux compression (MFC) has been object of research for more than three decades. Actual interest in the basic physical picture of flux compression has been heightened by a newly started Department of Defense (DoD) Multi-University Research Initiative. The emphasis is on helical flux compression generators comprising a hollow cylindrical metal liner filled with high explosives and at least one helical coil surrounding the liner. After the application of a seed current, magnetic flux is trapped and high current is generated by moving, i.e., expanding, the liner explosively along the winding of the helical coil. Several key factors involved in the temporal development can be addresses by optical diagnostics. 1) The uniformity of liner expansion is captured by framing camera photography and supplemented by laser illuminated high spatial and temporal resolution imaging. Also, X-ray flash photography is insensitive to possible image blur by shockwaves coming from the exploding liner. 2) The thermodynamic state of the shocked gas is assessed by spatially and temporally resolved emission spectroscopy. 3) The moving liner-coil contact point is a possible source of high electric losses and is preferentially monitored also by emission spectroscopy. Since optical access to the region between liner and coil is not always guaranteed, optical fibers can he used to extract light from the generator. The information so gained will give, together with detailed electrical diagnostics, more insight in the physical loss mechanisms involved in MFC

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+ Pulsed Power Generation Using Ferromagnetic Circuits
  "Pulsed Power Generation Using Ferromagnetic Circuits", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology, 28 1347-1352, Oct. 2000 (with S.I. Shkuratov, J. Dickens, L.L. Hatfield, and R. Martin).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The role of outgassing in surface flashover under vacuum
  Neuber, A.A.; Butcher, M.; Krompholz, H.; Hatfield, L.L.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 28, Issue 5, Oct. 2000 Page(s):1593 - 1598
Abstract:  Results of high-speed electrical and optical diagnostics are used as a basis to discuss a new surface flashover model. Outgassing, caused by electron stimulated desorption, is found to play a crucial role in the temporal flashover development. Dielectric unipolar surface flashover under vacuum is experimentally characterized by a three-phase development, which covers a current range from 10-4 A to 100 A. Phase one comprises a fast (several nanoseconds) buildup of a saturated secondary electron avalanche reaching current levels of 10 to 100 mA. Phase two is associated with a slow current amplification reaching currents in the Ampere level within typically 100 ns. The final phase is characterized by a fast current rise up to the impedance-limited current on the order of 100 A. The development during phase two and three is described by a zero-dimensional model, where electron-induced outgassing leads to a Townsend-like gas discharge above the surface. This is supported by time-resolved spectroscopy that reveals the existence of excited atomic hydrogen and ionic carbon before the final phase. The feedback mechanism toward a self-sustained discharge is due to space charge leading to an enhanced field emission from the cathode. A priori unknown model parameters, such as outgassing rate and gas density buildup above the surface, are determined by fitting calculated results to experimental data. The significance of outgassing is also discussed with a view to microwave surface flashover

[PDF]

Publication Year:  1999
+ Dielectric surface flashover in vacuum at 100 K
  Neuber, A.; Butcher, M.; Hatfield, L.L.; Kristiansen, M.; Krompholz, H.; IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, [see also IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation], Volume 6, Issue 4, Aug. 1999 Page(s):512 - 515
Abstract:  Cryogenic components in high power electrical systems and in power electronics gain more and more importance. The behavior of insulators for cryogenic conditions, however, is virtually unknown. In a fast coaxial setup, dielectric test sample and electrodes in vacuum are cooled to <100 K and flashover is characterized using fast electrical and optical diagnostics. Three consecutive development stages for flashover in self-breakdown mode with a gap distance of 0.5 cm can be distinguished: (1) a fast current rise to mA amplitudes within ~2 ns, probably associated with field emission, followed by, (2) a slow current rise to ~5 to 10 A amplitude with duration of 40 ns to 1 µs, associated with secondary emission avalanche saturation, and (3) a transition to a rapid gaseous ionization above the sample caused by electron induced outgassing, leading to impedance-limited current amplitudes of ⩽300 A. Phase (1) shows a higher final current at lower temperature, which is probably due to a higher initial velocity of the secondary electrons, the duration of phase (2) is a decreasing function of breakdown voltage and only slightly dependent on temperature, which points to a weak temperature dependence of the outgassing process. Flashover potentials show a slight increase at lower temperature

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+ Efficiency Enhancement of Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator
  "Efficiency Enhancement of Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator", 27 1543 (1999) IEEE Transaction Plasma Science, (with W. Jiang and J. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electric Current in DC Surface Flashover in Vacuum
  A. Neuber, M. Butcher, L. L. Hatfield, and H. Krompholz: Electric Current in DC Surface Flashover in Vacuum. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 15, 3084-3091 (1999)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ High Power Microwave Generation by a Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator
  "High Power Microwave Generation by a Coaxial Virtual Cathode Oscillator", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 27 1538 (1999) (with W. Jiang, K. Woolverton, and J. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Imaging of high-power microwave-induced surface flashover
  Neuber, A.; Hemmert, D.; Dickens, J.; Krompholz, H.; Hatfield, L.L.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 27, Issue 1, Feb. 1999 Page(s):138 - 139
Abstract:  Using two gated intensified digital charge-coupled device cameras, one sensitive in the near infrared to ultraviolet region and one in the soft X-ray region, the temporal development of high-power microwave-induced surface flashover across a vacuum/dielectric interface has been imaged. The emission of X-ray radiation from the interface is caused by field emitted electrons accelerated in the high electromagnetic field impacting the solid. This generation of bremsstrahlung terminates at the moment of full flashover development that is indicated by the optical light emission. A rising plasma density above the dielectric surface due to electron induced outgassing triggers this behavior

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+ Initiation of High Power Microwave Dielectric Interface Breakdown
  A. Neuber, D. Hemmert, H. Krompholz, L. Hatfield, and M. Kristiansen: Initiation of High Power Microwave Dielectric Interface Breakdown. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 86, 1724-1728 (1999).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Using PSpice 8.0 to Teach Digital Logic
  M. G. Giesselmann, “Using PSpice 8.0 to Teach Digital Logic”, IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 24, No. 4., Nov. 1999, p. 356 and CD-ROM supplement.
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1998
+ Finite Rate Chemistry and NO Molefraction in Non-Premixed Turbulent Flames
  A. Neuber, G. Krieger, M. Tacke, E. Hassel, and J. Janicka: Combustion and Flame, vol. 113, 198-211 (1998)
Abstract:  Finite rate chemistry is investigated in turbulent N2-diluted H2 diffusion flames by means of laser spectroscopic methods and a numerical model of combustion. The major species occurring in these hydrogen flames or the temperature are measured with SRS (Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy) or Rayleigh spectroscopy. Some minor species, the radical OH and the pollutant NO, are simultaneously measured with linear LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence). Multidimensional pdfs (probability density function) can be deduced from these measurements. Use is made of a numerical model with two principal variables, mixture fraction ? and reaction progress variable ?, as a basis for discussion of the experimental results. A k-e-turbulence model together with a two-dimensional presumed pdf for the coupling of turbulence and chemistry are applied. So, experimental two-dimensional pdfs as well as mean values of ? and ? as functions of the position in the flame are deduced from the simultaneous measurements. The experimental and theoretical spatial maxima of the mean OH molefraction agree well in magnitude, despite the correlation coefficient between ? and ? of the measured pdf can be as high as 0.5. The neglect of this covariance for the calculation of the presumed pdf is quantified. It results in clear deviations for the OH molefraction. The experimental NO and OH molefractions are better simulated by flame calculations carried out with the presented combustion model than by the also shown calculations based on a single variable for description of chemistry.

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+ High voltage subnanosecond breakdown
  Mankowski, J.; Dickens, J.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 26, Issue 3, June 1998 Page(s):874 - 881
Abstract:  Present-day ultra-wideband radiation sources produce Megavolt pulses at hundreds of picosecond (ps) risetimes. Empirical data on the breakdown characteristics for dielectric media at these short time lengths and high voltages are either extremely limited or nonexistent. In support of the design of these ultra-wideband sources, we are investigating the breakdown characteristics, at these voltages and time lengths, of several liquids and high-pressure gases. These include air, N2, H2, SF6, and transformer oil. Gap voltages attained were over 700 kV and gas pressures were over 150 atm (15 MPa). Breakdown times achieved were on the order of 600 ps. Electric field strengths observed for given breakdown times were higher than predicted by other investigators. An empirical fit is presented for the data obtained

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+ Window breakdown caused by high-power microwaves
  Neuber, A.; Dickens, J.; Hemmert, D.; Krompholz, H.; Hatfield, L.L.; Kristiansen, M.; IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume 26, Issue 3, June 1998 Page(s):296 -
Abstract:  Physical mechanisms leading to microwave breakdown on windows are investigated for power levels on the order of 100 MW at 2.85 GHz. The test stand uses a 3-MW magnetron coupled to an S-band traveling wave resonator. Various configurations of dielectric windows are investigated. In a standard pillbox geometry with a pressure of less than 10-6 Pa, surface discharges on an alumina window and multipactor-like discharges starting at the waveguide edges occur simultaneously. To clarify physical mechanisms, window breakdown with purely tangential electrical microwave fields is investigated for special geometries. Diagnostics include the measurement of incident/reflected power, measurement of local microwave fields, discharge luminosity, and X-ray emission. All quantities are recorded with 0.21-ns resolution. In addition, a framing camera with gating times of 5 ns is used. The breakdown processes for the case with a purely tangential electric field is similar to DC flashover across insulators, and similar methods to increase the flashover field are expected to be applicable

[PDF]

Publication Year:  1997
+ Arc Erosion Behavior of Cu-15% Nb and Cu-15% Cr in Situ Composites”, Elsevier
  "Arc Erosion Behavior of Cu-15% Nb and Cu-15% Cr in Situ Composites”, Elsevier", Wear: an International Journal on Science and Technology of Friction and Wear” 36 (1997) (with P. Liu, S. Bahadur (Univ. Of Iowa) and Anthony L. Donaldson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Dielectric Surface Flashover in a Simulated Low Earth Orbit Environment
  F. Hegeler, H. Krompholz, L.L. Hatfield, M. Kristiansen, “Dielectric Surface Flashover in a Simulated Low Earth Orbit Environment”, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 25 (1997) 300
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Dynamic Models of 3-Phase Alternators Including Saliency Effects using PSpice for Windows
  M. Giesselmann, "Dynamic Models of 3-Phase Alternators Including Saliency Effects using PSpice for Windows”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 33, Number 1, Jan. 1997, p. 231-236.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electrical and Optical Characterization of Crystalline Silicon/Porous Silicon Hetero-junctions
  "Electrical and Optical Characterization of Crystalline Silicon/Porous Silicon Hetero-junctions", Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 46, 261 (1997) (with C. Palsule, S. Liu, S. Gangopadhyay, M. Holtz, and D. Lamp).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Simulation of Fuzzy Logic Control with MicroSim's PSpice 8.0
  M. Giesselmann, "Simulation of Fuzzy Logic Control with MicroSim's PSpice 8.0", MicroSim Source Magazine, December 1997, p. 3-8.
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1995
+ Review of the Mechanisms of Electrode and Insulator Erosion and Degradation in High Current Arc Environments
  "Review of the Mechanisms of Electrode and Insulator Erosion and Degradation in High Current Arc Environments", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 31, 709, (1995) (with T.G. Engel, S.L. Wester, and A.L. Donaldson).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1994
+ Electron-Beam Controlled Switching Using Quartz and Polycrystalline ZnSe
  "Electron-Beam Controlled Switching Using Quartz and Polycrystalline ZnSe", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 41, 582 (1994) (with W. Jiang, K. Zinsmeyer, M. Less, and K.H. Schoenbach).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Plasma Development in the Early Phase of Dielectric Surface Flashover
  G. Masten, T. Mueller, F. Hegeler, H. Krompholz, "Plasma Development in the Early Phase of Dielectric Surface Flashover", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 22 (1994) 1034
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1993
+ Current, Luminosity, and X-ray Emission in the Early Phase of Dielectric Surface Flashover in Vacuum
  F. Hegeler, G. Masten, H. Krompholz, and L.L Hatfield, "Current, Luminosity, and X-ray Emission in the Early Phase of Dielectric Surface Flashover in Vacuum", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 21 (1993) 223
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Insulator and Electrode Mass Erosion and Surface Voltage Holdoff Recovery for Transient, High Current Surface Discharges
  "Insulator and Electrode Mass Erosion and Surface Voltage Holdoff Recovery for Transient, High Current Surface Discharges", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 29, 1143 (1993) (with T.G. Engel and J.C. Dickens).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1992
+ Magnetic field effects on vacuum insulator flashover
  M. Lehr, R. Korzekwa, H. Krompholz, M. Kristiansen, "Magnetic field effects on vacuum insulator flashover", J. Appl. Phys. 71 (1992) 389
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1991
+ Estimating the Erosion and Degradation Performance of Ceramic and Polymeric Insulator Materials in High Current Arc Environments
  "Estimating the Erosion and Degradation Performance of Ceramic and Polymeric Insulator Materials in High Current Arc Environments", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 27, 533, (1991) (with T.G. Engel, E. O'Hair, and J.N. Marx).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Expansion of Hydrogen Arcs Driven by Oscillating Currents
  T.G. Engel, M. Kristiansen, H. Krompholz, "Expansion of Hydrogen Arcs Driven by Oscillating Currents", IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 19 (1991) 959
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Picosecond Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Characterization of a-SiC:H Films Prepared by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma
  "Picosecond Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Characterization of a-SiC:H Films Prepared by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma", J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 137 and 138, 859 (1991) (with S. Gangopadhyay, M. Pleil, W. Borst, and C. Young).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Plasma Diagnostics for High Power Ignitron Development
  D.L. Loree, M. Giesselmann, M. Kristiansen and A. Shulski, "Plasma Diagnostics for High Power Ignitron Development", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 27, No.1, January 1991.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Surface-Discharge Switch Design: The Critical Factor
  "Surface-Discharge Switch Design: The Critical Factor", IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 38, 740, (1991) (with T.G. Engel, M.C. Baker, and L.L. Hatfield).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Design and Calibration of a Very Fast Current Probe for Short Pulse Measurements
  S. Calico, M. Crawford, M. Kristiansen, H. Krompholz, "The Design and Calibration of a Very Fast Current Probe for Short Pulse Measurements", Rev. Sci. Instrum 62 (1991) 1511
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1990
+ On the Road to Tomsk
  "On the Road to Tomsk", Physics Today, June 1990, 36 (with A.H. Guenther and J.E. Thompson) also translated to Japanese, Physical Science Magazine, Dec. 1990.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Influence of Magnetic Fields on Dielectric Surface Flashover
  R. Korzekwa, M. Lehr, H. Krompholz, M. Kristiansen, "The Influence of Magnetic Fields on Dielectric Surface Flashover", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 38 (1990) 745
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Voltage-Current Characteristics of a High-Current Pulsed Discharge in SF6
  "Voltage-Current Characteristics of a High-Current Pulsed Discharge in SF6", (in Japanese), Denki Gakkai Ronbunshi, 110-B, No. 7, 560, (1990)(with Hidenori Akiyama, Tetsuro Tanigawa, Sadao Maeda, and Koichi Takaki), also translated to English in Scripta Technica. (See #102.)
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Voltage-Current Characteristics of High-Current Pulsed Discharges in SF6, Electrical Engineering in Japan
  "Voltage-Current Characteristics of High-Current Pulsed Discharges in SF6, Electrical Engineering in Japan", 111, No. 3 July 1991 (translated from Denki Gakkai Ronbunshi, 110B, No. 7, July 1990, 560-567 (with Hidenori Akiyama, Tetsuro Tanigawa, Sadao Maeda and Koichi Takaki). (Also see #92.)
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1989
+ Design Options for Optically Restructuring Damaged Image Detectors
  "Design Options for Optically Restructuring Damaged Image Detectors", SPIE/ Optical Engineering, 28, 854 (1989) (with E.A. Igel).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electrode Erosion from High Current Moving Arcs
  "Electrode Erosion from High Current Moving Arcs", IEEE Trans. on Plasms Science, PS-17, 811 (1989) (with F. Mark Lehr).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Inhibiting Surface Flashover for Space Conditions Using Magnetic Fields
  R. Korzekwa, M. Lehr, H. Krompholz, M. Kristiansen, "Inhibiting Surface Flashover for Space Conditions Using Magnetic Fields", IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, 17 (1989) 612
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Methods of Increasing the Surface Flashover Potential in Vacuum
  L.L. Hatfield, E.R. Boerwinkle, G. Leiker, H. Krompholz, R. Korzekwa, M. Lehr, M. Kristiansen, "Methods of Increasing the Surface Flashover Potential in Vacuum", IEEE Trans. on Electrical Insulation, 24 (1989) 985
Abstract:  Not Available
+ State-of-the-Art Insulator and Electrode Materials for Use in High Current, High Energy Switching
  "State-of-the-Art Insulator and Electrode Materials for Use in High Current, High Energy Switching", IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, MAG-25, 138 (1989) (with A.L. Donaldson and T.G. Engel).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Performance of New, Redesigned Ignitron Tubes in Axial Magnetic Fields
  D. Adkins, M. Giesselmann, and M. Kristiansen, "The Performance of New, Redesigned Ignitron Tubes in Axial Magnetic Fields", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 1989, p. 27...32.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Pulsed Discharge Arc Resistance and Its Functional Behavior
  "The Pulsed Discharge Arc Resistance and Its Functional Behavior", IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science, PS-17, 323 (1989) (with T.G. Engel and A.L. Donaldson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Warm Plasma Dispersion Relation of the Fast Alfven Wave for Asymmetrical Heating Current Drive
  "Warm Plasma Dispersion Relation of the Fast Alfven Wave for Asymmetrical Heating Current Drive", IEEE Trans. Plasma Science, PS-17, 520 (1989) (with J. Gahl, O. Ishihara, and M. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1988
+ Analytical and Experimental Investigations of Reed Contact Bouncing
  "Analytical and Experimental Investigations of Reed Contact Bouncing", IEEE Trans. on Components, Hybrids, and Manufacturing Technology" CHMT-11, 200 (1988) (with B. Miedzinski).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ CO2-Laser Enhanced Electron Attachment in Externally Sustained Diffuse Gas Discharges Containing Vinyl Chloride
  G. Schaefer, M. Giesselmann, B. Pashaie, and M. Kristiansen, "CO2-Laser Enhanced Electron Attachment in Externally Sustained Diffuse Gas Discharges Containing Vinyl Chloride", Journal of Applied Physics 64 (11), 1 December 1988, p. 6123...6127.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Current-Voltage Characteristics of a High Current Pulsed Discharge in Air
  H. Akiyama, M. Kristiansen, H. Krompholz, B. Maas, "Current-Voltage Characteristics of a High Current Pulsed Discharge in Air", IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science 16 (1988) 312
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Optimization of Gas Mixtures for Electron Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharge Opening Switches
  "Optimization of Gas Mixtures for Electron Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharge Opening Switches", J. Appl. Phys., 63, 1372 (1988) (with R. Korzekwa and G. Schaefer).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1987
+ Fast Alfven Wave Propagation in a Deuterium-Hydrogen Tokamak Plasma
  "Fast Alfven Wave Propagation in a Deuterium-Hydrogen Tokamak Plasma," Plasma Phys. and Controlled Fusion, 29, 93 (1987) (with H. Akiyama, K.L. Wong, J. Gahl and M. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Numerical Studies of Minority Ion Heating Current Drive
  "Numerical Studies of Minority Ion Heating Current Drive," Phys. Fluids, 30, 834 (1987) (with K.L. Wong, O. Ishihara, J. Gahl and M. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Observation of Local Cavity Resonances of Fast Alfven Waves
  "Observation of Local Cavity Resonances of Fast Alfven Waves," Nuclear Fusion, 27, 151 (1987)(with K.L. Wong, M. Hagler, O. Ishihara and H. Akiyama).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Pulsed Power Systems": Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology
  "Pulsed Power Systems": Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 11, 410 (1987), Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA (with M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1986
+ Analytical Studies of an Ablation Mass Driver System
  "Analytical Studies of an Ablation Mass Driver System," J. Appl. Phys., 59, 3397 (1986) (with K. Ikuta and M.F. Rose).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Charging of Insulators in a Surface Discharge Switch
  "Charging of Insulators in a Surface Discharge Switch," IEEE Trans. Elec. Insulation EI-21, 145 (1986) (with R.D. Curry, V.K. Agarwal, L.L. Hatfield and G.R. Leiker).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Conical Linear Implosion as a Projectile Injector for Mass Drivers
  "Conical Linear Implosion as a Projectile Injector for Mass Drivers," Japanese J. Appl. Phys. 25, L198 (1986) (with K. Ikuta).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electrode Erosion in High Current, High Energy Transient Arcs
  "Electrode Erosion in High Current, High Energy Transient Arcs," IEEE Trans. Mag., MAG-22, 1441 (1986) (with A.L. Donaldson, A. Watson, K. Zinsmeyer, E. Kristiansen, and Rolf Dethlefsen).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Experimental Observation of Current Generation by Asymmetrical Heating of Ions in a Tokamak Plasma
  "Experimental Observation of Current Generation by Asymmetrical Heating of Ions in a Tokamak Plasma," J. Appl. Physics 60, 4322 (1986) (with J. Gahl, O. Ishihara, K.L. Wong and M. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Insulator Damage in High Current Discharges
  "Insulator Damage in High Current Discharges," IEEE Trans. Mag., MAG-22, 1695 (1986) (with P.M. Ranon, F.M. Lehr and L.L. Hatfield).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Kurzzeitoptische Untersuchungen der Entladungsentwicklung in N2 und SF6 an Modellanordnungen bei Gleich- und Impulsspannung
  Michael Giesselmann, "Kurzzeitoptische Untersuchungen der Entladungsentwicklung in N2 und SF6 an Modellanordnungen bei Gleich- und Impulsspannung" (Short Time Optical Investigations of the Discharge Development in N2 and SF6 at Model Arrangements under DC- and Impulse Voltage Stress), Ph.D. Dissertation, August 1986 (in German).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Mechanism of Electrode Surface Damage and Material Removal in High Current Discharges
  "Mechanism of Electrode Surface Damage and Material Removal in High Current Discharges," IEEE Trans. Mag., MAG-22, 1799 (1986) (with A. Watson, A.L. Donaldson and K. Ikuta).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Reliability Assurance in Electromagnetic Launch Technology
  "Reliability Assurance in Electromagnetic Launch Technology," IEEE Trans. Mag., MAG-22, 1567 (1986) (with W.J. Kolarik and T.L. Landers).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Influence of the Circuit Impedance on an Electron-Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharge with a Negative Differential Conductivity
  "The Influence of the Circuit Impedance on an Electron-Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharge with a Negative Differential Conductivity," Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 1776 (1986) (with G. Schaefer, K.H. Schoenbach, B.E. Strickland, R.A. Korzekwa and G.Z. Hutcheson).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1985
+ A New Design Concept for Field Distortion Trigger Spark Gaps
  . Schaefer, B. Pashaie, P. Williams, K. Schoenbach, H. Krompholz, "A New Design Concept for Field Distortion Trigger Spark Gaps", J. Appl. Phys. 57 (1985) 2507
Abstract:  Not Available
+ An Electron Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharge Switch
  K. Schoenbach, G. Schaefer, M. Kristiansen, H. Krompholz, H. Harjes, D. Skaggs, "An Electron Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharge Switch", J. Appl. Phys. 57 (1985) 1618
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Antenna for Unidirectional Propagation of Fast Alfven Waves in a Tokamak
  "Antenna for Unidirectional Propagation of Fast Alfven Waves in a Tokamak," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56, 1151 (1985) (with H. Akiyama, J. Gahl, K. Rathbun and M. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Modeling of Self-Breakdown Voltage Statistics in High Energy Spark Gaps
  "Modeling of Self-Breakdown Voltage Statistics in High Energy Spark Gaps," J. Appl. Phys. 57, 4981 (1985) (with A.L. Donaldson and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Wall Effects on the Propagation of Compressional Alfven Waves in a Cylindrical Plasma with Two Ion Species
  "Wall Effects on the Propagation of Compressional Alfven Waves in a Cylindrical Plasma with Two Ion Species," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-13, 125 (1985) (with H. Akiyama and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1984
+ A Review of Opening Switch Technology for Inductive Energy Storage
  "A Review of Opening Switch Technology for Inductive Energy Storage," Proc. IEEE 72, 1019 (1984) (with K.H. Schoenbach and G. Schaefer).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electrode Erosion Phenomena in a High Energy Pulsed Discharge
  "Electrode Erosion Phenomena in a High Energy Pulsed Discharge," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-12, 28 (1984) (with A. Donaldson, M. Hagler, G. Jackson and L. Hatfield).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electron Beam Tetrode for Multiple, Submicrosecond Pulse Operation
  H. Harjes, K. Schoenbach, G. Schaefer, M. Kristiansen, H. Krompholz, D. Skaggs, "Electron Beam Tetrode for Multiple, Submicrosecond Pulse Operation", Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55 (1984) 1684
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Investigations of E-Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharges
  K. Schoenbach, G. Schaefer, M. Kristiansen, H. Krompholz, H. Harjes, D. Skaggs, "Investigations of E-Beam Controlled Diffuse Discharges" in "Gaseous Dielectrics IV", ed. L. G. Christophorou, Pergamon Press 1984, p. 246
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Nanosecond Current Probe for High Voltage Experiments
  H. Krompholz, J. Doggett, K. Schoenbach, J. Gahl, C. Harjes, G. Schaefer, M. Kristiansen, "Nanosecond Current Probe for High Voltage Experiments", Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55 (1984) 127
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Nanosecond, Pulsed Breakdown of N2 and SF6
  M. Giesselmann, W. Pfeiffer, J. Wolf, "Nanosecond, Pulsed Breakdown of N2 and SF6", Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena", CEIDP, Clayton, Delaware, Conference Record, p. 343-348, 1984.
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Pulsed Hollow-Cathode Discharge with Nanosecond Risetime
  G. Schaefer, P. Husoy, K. Schoenbach, H. Krompholz, "Pulsed Hollow-Cathode Discharge with Nanosecond Risetime", IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. PS-12 (1984) 271
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Surface Studies of Dielectric Materials Used in Spark Gaps
  "Surface Studies of Dielectric Materials Used in Spark Gaps," J. Appl. Phys. 55, 262 (1984) (with G. Jackson, L. Hatfield, M. Hagler, J. Marx, A. Donald­son, G. Leiker, R. Curry, R. Ness, L. Gordon and D. Johnson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Use of Attachers in Electron-Beam Sustained Discharge Switches - Theoretical Considerations
  G. Schaefer, K. Schoenbach, H. Krompholz, M. Kristiansen, A.H. Guenther, "The Use of Attachers in Electron-Beam Sustained Discharge Switches - Theoretical Considerations", Laser and Particle Beams 2 (1984) 273
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1983
+ Pulse Flashover of Solid Dielectrics in Vacuum
  "Pulse Flashover of Solid Dielectrics in Vacuum," IEEE Trans. Elect. Insul. EI-18, 310 (1983) (with G. Jackson, L. Hatfield, J. Marx and A. Bowling).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1982
+ Concepts for Optical Control of Diffuse Discharge Opening Switches
  "Concepts for Optical Control of Diffuse Discharge Opening Switches," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-10, 246 (1982) (with K.H. Schoenbach, G. Schaefer, L.L. Hatfield and A.H. Guenther).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Guest Editorial
  Guest Editorial, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-10, 217 (1982) (with A.H. Guenther, M.F. Rose, and J.E. Thompson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Investigations of Reed Switch Dynamics and Discharge Phenomena When Switching Intermediate and Heavy Loads
  "Investigations of Reed Switch Dynamics and Discharge Phenomena When Switching Intermediate and Heavy Loads," IEEE Trans. Components, Hybrids and Manu­facturing Techn. CHMT-5, 231 (1982) (with B. Miedzinski).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Material Studies in a High Energy Spark Gap
  "Material Studies in a High Energy Spark Gap" IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-10, 286 (1982) (with L.B. Gordon, M.O. Hagler, H.C. Kirbie, R.M. Ness, L.L. Hatfield and J. Marx).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Space Charge Effects in a Laser-Fiber Optics Triggered Multichannel Spark Gap
  "Space Charge Effects in a Laser-Fiber Optics Triggered Multichannel Spark Gap," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-10, 261 (1982) (with H.C. Harjes, E.E. Kunhardt, L.L. Hatfield and A.H. Guenther).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Effect of Space Charge Induced by an Electron Beam on Spark Gap Operation
  "The Effect of Space Charge Induced by an Electron Beam on Spark Gap Operation" IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-10, 234 (1982) (with Y.H. Tzeng, E.E. Kunhardt and A.H. Guenther).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1981
+ Investigations of Various Probe Sheath Materials in the Texas Tech Tokamak
  "Investigations of Various Probe Sheath Materials in the Texas Tech Tokamak," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-9, 123 (1981) (with P.D. Coleman, B.D. Blackwell and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1980
+ An Electron Beam Triggered Spark Gap
  "An Electron Beam Triggered Spark Gap," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-8, 181 1980) (with K. McDonald, M. Newton, E. Kunhardt and A.H. Guenther).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Basic Concepts in Electromagnetic Theory
  "Basic Concepts in Electromagnetic Theory", Acad. Amer. Ency., Arete Publ. Co., Princeton, NJ (1980) (with A. Engelhardt).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electro-Optical Surface Flashover Measurement
  "Electro-Optical Surface Flashover Measurement," Appl. Phys. Lett. 37, 574 (1980) (with J.E. Thompson, J. Lin and K. Mikkelson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Guest Editorial
  Guest Editorial, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-8, 129 (1980) (with A.H. Guenther).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Investigations of Fast Insulator Surface Flashover in Vacuum
  "Investigations of Fast Insulator Surface Flashover in Vacuum," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-8, 191 (1980) (with J.E. Thompson, J. Lin and K. Mikkelson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Laser Triggering through Fiber Optics of a Low Jitter Spark Gap
  "Laser Triggering through Fiber Optics of a Low Jitter Spark Gap," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-8, 170 (1980) (with H.C. Harjes, L. Hatfield, K.H. Schoenbach and A.H. Guenther).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1979
+ A New Nanosecond Surface Flashover Diagnostic Technique
  "A New Nanosecond Surface Flashover Diagnostic Technique," J. Japan Res. Soc. for Elec. Discharges (JRED), No. 78, 73 (1979).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ A Review of High Power Switch Technology
  "A Review of High Power Switch Technology," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-26, 1401 (1979) (with T.R. Burkes, J.P. Craig, M.O. Hagler and W.M. Portnoy).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Beat Heating in Plasmas Using CO2 Lasers
  "Beat Heating in Plasmas Using CO2 Lasers," J. de Physique, Colloque C7, suppl. 7, 40, C7-747 (1979) (with E. Chu, R. Druce, M. Hagler and R. Bengtson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Electro-Optical Measurements of Insulator Surface Flashover in Vacuum
  "Electro-Optical Measurements of Insulator Surface Flashover in Vacuum," J. de Physique, Colloque C7, suppl. 7, 40, C7-401 (1979) (with K. Mikkelson, J. Lin and J. Thompson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Fast Wave Resonances Near the Ion Cyclotron Frequency
  "Fast Wave Resonances Near the Ion Cyclotron Frequency," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-7, 1 (1979) (with R.E. Dollinger and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Laser/Fiber Optic Breakdown of a Pulse Charged 90% Ar - 10% N2 Gas Switch
  "Laser/Fiber Optic Breakdown of a Pulse Charged 90% Ar - 10% N2 Gas Switch," J. de Physique, Colloque C7, suppl. 7, 40, C7-483 (1979) (with H.C. Harjes, L.L. Hatfield, A.H. Guenther and K.H. Schoenbach).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1977
+ A Numerical Analysis of High Power Laser Propagation in Magnetized Plasmas
  "A Numerical Analysis of High Power Laser Propagation in Magnetized Plasmas," Recent Advances in Plasma Phys., Indian Acad. of Sci., 165, June 1977 (with R. Druce and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Ablation Rates of Polystyrene Microspheres in a Theta Pinch Plasma
  "Ablation Rates of Polystyrene Microspheres in a Theta Pinch Plasma," J. Appl. Phys. 46, 11 (1977) (with D.L. Smith and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1976
+ Laser Heating of Magnetized Plasma
  "Laser Heating of Magnetized Plasma," Nucl. Fusion 16, 6 (1976) (invited review paper) (with M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Optical Measurements of High Electric and Magnetic Fields
  "Optical Measurements of High Electric and Magnetic Fields," IEEE Trans. Instr. and Meas. IM-25, 1 (1976) (with J.E. Thompson and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1975
+ Differential Measurement of Fast Energy Discharge Capacitor Inductance and Resistance
  "Differential Measurement of Fast Energy Discharge Capacitor Inductance and Resistance," IEEE Trans. Instr. and Meas. IM-24, 112 (1975) (with W.C. Nunnally and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Helical Antenna for Exciting Azimuthally Asymmetric Alfven Waves
  "Helical Antenna for Exciting Azimuthally Asymmetric Alfven Waves," J. Appl. Phys. 46, 2516 (1975) (with S.O. Knox and F.J. Paoloni).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Plasma-Solid Interaction in a Theta Pinch
  "Plasma-Solid Interaction in a Theta Pinch," Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 496 (1975) (with W.C. Nunnally and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1974
+ A Report on the Second Topical Conference on RF Plasma Heating
  "A Report on the Second Topical Conference on RF Plasma Heating," Nucl. Fusion 14, 741 (1974) (with F.J. Paoloni).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ CO2 Laser Heating of a Magnetized Plasma Column
  "CO2 Laser Heating of a Magnetized Plasma Column," Appl Phys. Lett. 24, 583 (1974) (with G.M. Molen, M.O. Hagler and R.D. Bengtson).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Simple, Multiple Arc, Dielectric Switch Applied to a Theta Pinch
  "Simple, Multiple Arc, Dielectric Switch Applied to a Theta Pinch," Rev. Sci. Inst. 45, 1361 (1974) (with W.C. Nunnally and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1973
+ A Report on the Texas Symposium on the Technology of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experiments and the Engineering Aspects of Fusion Reactors
  "A Report on the Texas Symposium on the Technology of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion Experiments and the Engineering Aspects of Fusion Reactors," Nucl. Fusion 13, 281 (1973).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ CO2 Laser Beam Refraction in a Linear Discharge Plasma
  "CO2 Laser Beam Refraction in a Linear Discharge Plasma," Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 601 (1973) (with G.M. Molen and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Exploding Wires in Strong Axial Magnetic Fields
  "Exploding Wires in Strong Axial Magnetic Fields," J. Appl. Phys. 44, 1923 (1973) (with E.M. Honig and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1972
+ A Holographic Data Storage System Design Project
  "A Holographic Data Storage System Design Project," Int. J. Elec. Engrg. Educ. 10, 296 (1972) (with R.M. David, C.R. Parten and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ An Azimuthally Symmetric, Unidirectional Ion Cyclotron Wave Exciter
  "An Azimuthally Symmetric, Unidirectional Ion Cyclotron Wave Exciter," J. Appl. Phys. 43, 3590 (1972) (with J.E. Hipp and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ CO2 Laser Design and Laboratory Projects
  "CO2 Laser Design and Laboratory Projects," IEEE Trans. Educ. E-15, 51 (1972) (with G.M. Molen, R.H. Trotter and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Fast Wave Damping at the Second Harmonic of the Ion Cyclotron Frequency
  "Fast Wave Damping at the Second Harmonic of the Ion Cyclotron Frequency," Phys. Lett. A40, 141 (1972) (with J.E. Cato, M.O. Hagler and C.N. Watson­-Munro).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Some Engineering Problems of Low Frequency Heating of Fusion Reactors
  "Some Engineering Problems of Low Frequency Heating of Fusion Reactors," Nucl. Fusion 12, 345 (1972) (with J.E. Cato and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1971
+ Fusion Reactor Design, Nuclear Power: The 1970's
  "Fusion Reactor Design, Nuclear Power: The 1970's," Professional Engineer 41, 2, Feb. 1971 (with M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Global Temperature Effects of the Use of Fusion Energy and the Fusion Torch
  "Global Temperature Effects of the Use of Fusion Energy and the Fusion Torch," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 18, 31 (1971), (with W.A. Porter and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Heat Shrinkable Tubing as an Inexpensive Vacuum Seal
  "Heat Shrinkable Tubing as an Inexpensive Vacuum Seal," J. Vacuum Sci. and Techn. 8, 515 (1971) (with G.M. Molen, L.G. Roseland and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Travelling Wave Antenna for Exciting Waves in Cylindrical Anisotropic Plasma
  "Travelling Wave Antenna for Exciting Waves in Cylindrical Anisotropic Plasma," J. Appl. Phys. 42, 4887 (1971) (with M.O. Hagler and J.E. Hipp).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1970
+ An Optical Data Processing Experiment for E.E. Students
  "An Optical Data Processing Experiment for E.E. Students," IEEE Trans. Educ. E-13, 60 (1970) (with L.N. Peckham and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Arc Welding Generators Used as Air Core Magnet Power Supplies
  "Arc Welding Generators Used as Air Core Magnet Power Supplies," Rev. Sci. Instr. 41, 1322 (1970) (with J.E. Cato, J.E. Hipp and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Industrial Applications of Lasers
  "Industrial Applications of Lasers," ISA Trans. 9, 216 (1970) (with L.N. Peckham and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Inexpensive, Fast On-Off, High Power, Pulsed RF Amplifier
  "Inexpensive, Fast On-Off, High Power, Pulsed RF Amplifier," Rev. Sci. Instr. 41, 1903 (1970) (with R.D. Melton, J.E. Cato and M.O. Hagler).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Laser Laboratory Projects for Undergraduates
  "Laser Laboratory Projects for Undergraduates," Engrg. Educ. 60, 899, (1970) (with L.N. Peckham and M.O. Hagler)
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1969
+ Foreign Students in American Universities
  "Foreign Students in American Universities," Engrg. Educ. 59, 1135 (1969).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Stop- and Pass-Bands for Harmonic Ion Cyclotron Waves
  "Stop- and Pass-Bands for Harmonic Ion Cyclotron Waves," Plasma Phys. 11, 19 (1969) (with A.A. Dougal).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ The Use of Hamilton's Modified Principle to Solve Nonlinear Control Problems
  "The Use of Hamilton's Modified Principle to Solve Nonlinear Control Problems," ISA Trans. 8, 329 (1969) (with M.O. Hagler and L.G. Clark).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1967
+ Experimental Investigation of Harmonic Ion Cyclotron Wave Propagation and Attenuation
  "Experimental Investigation of Harmonic Ion Cyclotron Wave Propagation and Attenuation," Phys. Fluids 10, 596 (1967) (with A.A. Dougal).
Abstract:  Not Available
+ Inexpensive, High Vacuum, Electric Feed-Through
  "Inexpensive, High Vacuum, Electric Feed-Through," Rev. Sci. Instr. 38, 840 (1967) (with J.G. Melton and A.A. Dougal).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1966
+ Evaluation of Faraday-Shielded Stix Coils for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating of a Plasma
  "Evaluation of Faraday-Shielded Stix Coils for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating of a Plasma," Rev. Sci. Instr. 37, 1455 (1966) (with N.B. Dodge and A.A. Dougal).
Abstract:  Not Available
Publication Year:  1963
+ Hamilton's Modified Principle Applied to Nonlinear Circuit Problems
  "Hamilton's Modified Principle Applied to Nonlinear Circuit Problems," IEEE Trans. Comm. and Circuit Theory 69, 598 (1963) (with L.G. Clark).
Abstract:  Not Available